Steam-engine.



B. V, NPBHGx STEAM ENGINE.

Mmmm@ mm we, x6. 19u.

1.241,8?5! mmm 0m. um.

3 SHEETSY-SHEET 2.

vitto rm e3@ the line 3, Fig. 1;'and e nimo v. ummm, or nxnwnuxnn, wxsoonsnr.

INAH-INGLESE.

Medication of Letters Patent.

Patented, oet. e, i oi 'n appnnunnea m1919114 monoamine .To all whom it may concern.' 4

Be it lknown that I, Buono V. Nonnnnnc, c citizen of the United States, residing et Milwaukee in the county of Milwaukee and Stete`of Wisconsin, have invented' certain new and useful "Improvements in team- En 'nem of .which the following is a. speci# 'manner with o cross heed (not sho'wni flea ion, reference being had to the accomornln'g eport theof. V

le mvimtion relates 'to single acting uiiillow engines. I'

The main objects of the intention ere to obtain e better and more economical action of the steam in the 'cylnd much as possible transmission of heut by conduction from the cylinder and by radiation from the piston to the-en ine france, to enable the engine-t0` run at a igh speed, and generally to improve the construction and operation of engines of this clues.

It consiste in the peculiar constmction, arrangement and combination of parte 4es hereinafter .particularly described and pointed ont inl the claims.

In the accompanying drawing Vlike characters designate the come parts in the severall figures.

, `Figure 1 is a vertical Aaxial Vsection of n vertical or upright c linder' engine embodying the invention; ig. 2 is an enlar ed partial cross section ofthe same on the me 2-4-2 Fi 1; Fig. 3 is a similar section on 4 is a section similar to Fig. 1 of e. modi d form 6ft-,he engine in which steam is admitted to the lower instead of 'the upper end' of the cyl index'. p

Referring toFigsfl, 2 and 3, a designates the cylinder, provided atits upper'. end ,with an linternally recessed heed b and adjacent to its lower end with an annuler exhauet Vport or series of ports ,c, A single acting reciprocating pistony d, attached to a piston ro e,1s v jection f,,whioh fits into and nearly fills the m the head b when the piston is at `the n'p er limit of its movement. At the lower i'mit of its movement the piston is #adopted to uncover the exhaust port c -tnithrongh which communication is esteblished between the u per end of the cylin der and en'exhaust t or asseqe g sur jronnding the lower end of e cy indcr m open und constant communication therewith, VThe exhaust belt or pasea g conn h `a. connection on one municates thou it eide thereof, condenser (not shown),

the engine frame i and the cylinder er, to prevent as formed or provided with a pro'I by' means of which o constant vacuum ci* from 24 to 26 inches is maintained when the;

engine is in operation. The exhaust belt frz f' W iii Passeig@ y may be formed s Shawn Joling,

thereto The plston rod e is connected in thc ustioni guided in the frame, and posses through e.

' box'j, whichpreventsnir from em, terlng the space or passage g and impeirng the vacuum therein.

The heed l' is formed with. o cylindrifm! extension or volve'seat k, through which nn annular admission port or series ci' dial ports I lead inwardly into the cyl iw or the upper end of the cavityr in the. der hen( A non-exlinneting` annular c u distribution valve m is fitted on the @yin 'drcnl extension or valve sent fc, and e formed with an annuler port or.' serien of" ports n., arranged to register with the ed mission peut Z. lllponthe admission valve m is fitted a reciprocating annular cntof valve o, the stroke or lap of which is varied' by anysuitoblo mechanism in e well kiion'n 'mannen according to Vthe Meyer principle,

to very the point of cut-olf.

The head b is formed above the pieton cavity with a chamber jp and with e. seat for an upwardly opening relief volvo 5, which is'gniilefl lin n ilmged ccp r, hoherto the up ci' end of the heed. 4

The va ve q is hollow, the interior cmt, therein communicating withthe chinnhel s through openings e, und n iight Spring' tends to hold it against its cent.

An upwardl cylindrical' extension it, formedywith or attached to the cylinder :rt and closed at its upper end by e head c, forms e steam admission and.' heatiii chnm-- A ber 1e,'snrrounding and enveloping t. te heed b and the valves m 'and o.

Thecl1t-oi valve o is formed with an npwardly lprojcctin and outstanding ennulat deflector or shiel w, and the extension o o' the cylinder is formed in one Side below the deliector or shield with e steam inlet open` ing and supply connection 1/. The defientor or shield te, over which the steam hes to pass from the inlet opcnn y to the port n. of the admission or distrmtion valve m. operates es e. baille to separate from the steam any water which muy pass therewith into the chamber@ o1' be formed by convdensetion therein, hciorel it reaches Raid port.'

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at a. hig

The cylinder extension u is provided on one side with a drain connection s leadin from the lower part of the chamber w and provided with a valve (not shown) for drawing o any water which may collect in said chamber.

The valve m is connected by a stem 2 passing through a stufling box 3 in the head c, and by a spider 4 with any sultable actuating device (not shown) such as an eccentric. The spider 4, which is fixed on the stem 2, is loosely connected at the ends by pins 5 with inwardly projecting notched or'slotted ears or flanges on the valve m, as shown in Fi s. 1 and 3. This connection permits the va ve to shift laterally with relation to the stem 2 and thereb adapt itself to its cylindrical seat on the ead b Without binding' and without causing its stem to bind in its earings The cut-oli' valve o is connected on opposite sides thereof with any suitable actuatlng device' or mechanism (not shown) by rods or stems 6, passing through sleeve bearings 7 in the head fu. These rods or stems are connected with the valve by pins 8 on which they have lateral lay to permit the valve to work freely on t e valve m without causing the rodsor stems to bind in their bearings,

The annular orts c, Z and n are formed at intervals wit bridges or ribs as shown, and passages 9 are formed in the bridges or ribs of the port l as shown in Fig. 2 and indicated by dot j lines in Fig. 1, for draining the chamber p and the cavity in the re-l lief valve and affording additional heating surface. he chamber p also communicates with the chamber w through openings 10 in the cap r and through lateral openings 11 in the circular dependin flange 1n whlch theA valve g is fitted, wit a space above said valve. 1

When the engine is in operation the chambers and fw and the cavity in the valve g are a iilled with live steam which keeps the head b and the valve qa-s well as the annular valves m-,and o hot. he steam in the clearance space between the cylinder head bythe valve g and the piston d, is thus exposed tohi hly heated surfacesz thereby securing e ciency and economy 1n its action in the cylinderland einabling the engine to be run The profision for eiective draining keeps the surfaces to which the live steam is ex osed dry q or imparting heat to the steam in the clear-i ance s ace.

Wit the arrangement shown and described the pressures acting on the piston produce no reversal 4of strains en thepiston rod but always act in the same direction, as .y indicated by 'an arrow on Fi 1, both on the downward or working stro e and the werd or return stroke. Attheof 'and nearly fills a cor and in the most eiec'tive condition working stroke, when the exhaust port o is uncovered b the piston the pressures above and below t e piston'are equalized, but on the upward or return stroke the steam in the space between the piston and head b is comressed while the vacuum is maintained beow the piston. During the operation of the engine t e vacuum which is constantly maintamed in the lower end of the cylinder below the piston, obstructs the transmission of heat from the tclylinder to the frame i to which it is attache .In the operation of the engine the annular port n of the valve m' at or near the lower limit of its movement, registers with the ort l, and the ports n being then uncove y by thecut-oi valve o, steam is admitted into the helper end of the cavity in the cylinder head w en the piston is at the upper limit of its movement, flowing inwardly and radially into thespace between the piston and the relief valve q, and downwardly and out wardly into the space between the piston and the head b. Upon the upward or return movements of the valves, the cutfoi valve o, covering the ort 'n at a variable point in the `working stro e of the piston, shuts oil the supply of steam to the cylinder according to the varying demand therefor and varying load on the engine. Before the piston passes below the exhaust ports c the port n 1n the ,valve m is moved upwardly out of register with the port Z in the head b. The steam `confined in the cylinder escapes through the porta into the .exhaust belt or passage g, a vacuum or artial vacuum being momentarily formed in the cylinder above the pis-i ton, 'and the pressure `on the o posits ends of the piston beirg equalized or alanced.

,Referrin to 1g. 4, i illustrating a modication of t engine in which steam is supplied to the lower end ofthe cylinder below the piston the cylinder a is closed at the lower end .by an externall recessed head b', ,which projects inte the cy index' and" lits into ondin cavity in the piston d. The ey 'n er isormed with an exhaust belt or passage g into which the annular exhaust port or series of porlsc' opens, and which has on one side a condenser connection h' communicatin also with the up er open end of the cylin er.

end the cylinder is bolted or frame i', and the piston rod e assing through a stuilin box j in the wall between the cylinder an` frame is connected with a cross head 12, guided in the t its` upper attached t0 the The head b is formed with a central cylindrical cavity or valve chamber and seat k" and 'an annular port or series 'of radial Korte Z leads therefrom into the cylinder.

-Fnonexhausting annular-steam. distribuve ma Ydtted in-the elyllndncal chamtion berranhlneeat 7# in the cylinder head, conissuers trois the admission of steam into the cylinder' from a steam admission. and heating chamber fw', which as shown, is formed in the cylinder head in communication with the lower end of the valve chamber k', and communicates with a steam belt or passage u surrounding the lower end o the cylinder and having a steam inlet opening an connection y on one side.

The valve m is connected with an eccentric or other suitable actuating device or mechanism (not shown) b. a rod 2' passing through a stuiling box 3 in a removable cover o' with which the outer or lower wall of the chamber to' is provide drain pipe or connection a' provided with a valve (not shown) leads from the lower part of the chamber fw.

This form of the engine is designed to be set with the cylinder at an inclination, so that any water entering or formir `by condensation in the chamber rw can be completely drained therefrom through the pipe connection z'. The cylinder may however, be set in a vertical position without mate rially affecting its drainage.

The operation and advantages of the coni rlstruction last described are substantially commimication with like those of the `construction shownby Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in which steam is supplied to the upper endinstead of the lower end of the cylinder.

In both forms of the engine herein shown and described, it will be seen that un in closed vacuum insulating space is provided between the engine frame and the end of the cylinder opposite the steam admission end, and that when the engine is running, a constant vacuum is maintained in said transmission of heat from space whereby the cylinder and piston-to the frame and reversal of strains on the piston ro are reduced.

Various modications in details of construction and Yarrangement of arts other than those 'ilustrate and speci cally mentioned, may be made without departing from the principle and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

I' claim:

1. In a steam enginathe combination of a cylinder provided with an admission port at. one end and an exhaust port` adjacent to the other end .which is in open and constant an inclosed insulating space between it and the engine frame, a steam mission port, a single acting piston adapted at the end of its working stroke to open the exhaust port to the steam admission end of the cylinder-,and means for maintaining a constant vacuum in the insulating space to which the inactive end ot the piston is exposed. Y

2. In a steam engine the combination of controllin `insulating space,

distribution valve controlling` the ad` to one communication with a cylinder having an admission port in the head at one Aand -and an exhaust portr ad'- jacentto the other endwhich is in open and constant communication with insulating space between it and the en 'ne frame, a steam heating chamber enve oping said cylinder head, a distribution valve the` Bow of steam from said heating c amber through the admission port into the cylinder a single acting piston adapted at the end o its working stroke to open the exhaust port to the admission end of the cylinder, and means for maintaining a constant vacuum in said insulating space to which the inactive face of the piston is ex 3. In `a steam engine -the combination of a cylinder provided with an exhaust port adjacent to one end 'which is in open and constant communication with an mclosed and at the other end with a head having a series of radial steam admission ports, a single acting piston adapted at the end of its working stroke to open the' exhaust port the admission end of the cylinder, said h ad and piston being formed one with a projection and the other the admission ports into the cylinder, and means for maintaining a constant vacuum in said insulating space to which the inactive end of the piston is exposed.

4. In a steam engine the combination of a cylinder having an exhaust port adjacent to one end which is-in open and constant communication with an exhaust connection and at the other end a recessed head provided with a series of radial admission ports opening into the recess therein, a steam heating chamber enveloping said head on the outer side, a balanced annular valve controlling the admission of steam from said chamber through said lradial ports into the cylinder, a reciprocating:- piston adap at the end of its` working stroke to open lthe exhaust port to the admission end of the cylinder, and means for maintaining a con'- stant vacuum in the end of the cylinder to which thel inactive end of the piston is exposed.

5. ln a steam engine the combination of a cylinder having an exhaust port adjacent end which is in open and constant an exhaust connection and at the other ond a recessed head formed with a series 'of radial admission ports opening into the recess therein, a steam heating chamber enveloping the outer side of said head, a reciprocating annular valve fitting o*- suid head and controlling the admiswith a `corresponding cavity which is V:nearly valve controlling los 

